| 第九章 早期并发症 休克 [Shock] (R57.901) 【休克的临床表现】 1.休克代偿期:病人兴奋或烦躁,皮肤苍白,四肢厥冷,心率加快,脉压差小,呼吸加快,尿量减少。脉压差﹤20mmHg或2.6Kpa; 2.休克抑制期:病人意识模糊甚至昏迷,出冷汗,口唇、肢端发绀,脉细速,血压:上臂收缩压低于12.0Kpa或 90mmHg,且进行性下降,严重时血压测不出。尿少甚至无尿。 【休克的监测】 1.一般监测:精神状态、皮肤温度、色泽、血压、脉率、尿量; 2.常用实验室检查:血常规、血红细胞压积、血液酸碱分析、电解质测定; 3.特殊监测:中心静脉压、心电图、肺毛细血管楔压、动脉血气、DIC监测。 【休克的治疗原则】 1.一般紧急治疗:保持呼吸道通畅,给氧,监测生命体征,记录尿量等; 2.补充血容量; 3.积极处理原发病; 4.纠正酸碱平衡失调; 5.应用血管活性药物。 【提示】 休克是机体有效循环血容量减少,组织灌注不足,细胞代谢紊乱和功能受损的病理过程,是由多种原因引起的综合症。见于严重损伤、大量失血以及创伤并发严重感染时。创伤常见的休克有:失血性休克、创伤性休克、感染性休克。
失血性休克 [Hemorrhagic shock](R57.101) 【主要诊断依据】 1.外伤史,造成大量出血。如大血管损伤,肝、脾破裂等; 2.休克的临床表现; 3.常用辅助检查:血红细胞压积、中心静脉压。 【基本治疗原则】 1.补充血容量; 2.给氧,纠正酸中毒; 3.应用抗生素; 病因治疗。补充血容量和止血是关键。有时边补血输液,边手术止血;有时补充血容量的同时只采取暂时止血措施,休克得以控制再予手术。
创伤性休克 [Traumatic shock](T79.4) 【主要诊断依据】 1.外伤累及大血管,有复杂性骨折、挤压伤等严重外伤; 2.休克的临床表现; 3.常用辅助检查:血红细胞压积、中心静脉压。 【基本治疗原则】 1.补充血容量; 2.镇痛、镇静治疗; 3.处理危及生命的原发外伤; 4.应用抗生素; 治疗原发病。补血、补液的同时,对创伤给予紧急处置。诸如:固定骨折、填塞伤口暂时止血、有效止痛等。休克控制后,再进一步处理创伤。
脓毒性休克 [Septic shock](R57.801) 【主要诊断依据】 1.重症创伤或多发性创伤、特别是有休克病史;烧伤、开放性损伤。其中腹部脏器破裂者更易发生; 2.出现暖休克表现:神志清醒,皮肤潮红不发凉,脉搏无力,脉压﹥4.0Kpa或30mmHg,尿量﹥30mml/h;或冷休克表现:烦躁或淡漠,皮肤发绀湿冷,脉速而细弱,脉压﹤4.0Kpa或30mmHg,尿少不足30mml/h。 【基本治疗原则】 1.扩容、纠酸、应用血管活性药物; 2.使用保护心肌和维护细胞药物; 3.维持呼吸功能及氧疗法; 4.积极有效的抗感染治疗。应用抗生素,清理感染病灶; 5.支持疗法、免疫调节剂等。 【常见并发症与后遗症】 1.多器官功能衰竭; 2.脓肿形成。
感染 [Nonspecific infection](B99 ) 【主要诊断依据】 1.外伤史; 2.局部症状:典型症状表现为红、肿、热、痛和功能障碍,局部形成脓肿可触及波动感;深部组织病变时,局部症状不明显; 3.全身症状:发热、呼吸心跳加快、全身不适、食欲减退等;感染轻微可无全身症状; 4.常用检查项目: (1)血常规:白细胞计数和分类的改变通常有诊断意义; (2)病原体检查:涂片、细菌培养; (3)影像学检查:B超、X线检查作为深部组织和骨关节病变的辅助检查。 【基本治疗原则】 1.应用抗感染药物; 2.局部处理:保护感染部位;局部理疗、外用药物;脓肿形成需切开引流或穿刺引流; 3.全身支持治疗:卧床休息,营养支持治疗。 【常见并发症与后遗症】 1.脓毒症; 2.感染性休克。
破伤风 [Tetanus](A35) 【主要诊断依据】 1.外伤史;皮肤、粘膜受损; 2.潜伏期通常为6~12日。前驱症状为乏力、头痛、全身不适、烦躁等。发作时典型症状为肌紧张性收缩、阵发性强烈痉挛:张口困难、颈部强直、角弓反张等,严重者可有面唇轻紫、通气困难。发作时神志清楚。轻微刺激如光、声、接触等可诱发痉挛发作; 3.常用检查项目:血常规。 【基本治疗原则】 1.入院隔离治疗,避免声、光刺激; 2.处理伤口,清除毒素来源; 3.应用破伤风抗毒素中和游离的毒素; 4.病情发作时应用镇静、解痉治疗; 5.营养支持疗法,保持水、电解质平衡; 6.防治并发症,必要时应用抗菌素。 【常见并发症与后遗症】 1.肺内感染; 2.骨折。 【提示】 破伤风是一种急性特异性感染,在皮肤、粘膜创伤伤口深且外口较小时较易发生,如盲管外伤、深部刺伤等。
气性坏疽 [Gas gangrene](A48.0) 【主要诊断依据】 1.外伤史,多发于下肢; 2.局部症状:伤处胀裂样剧痛。局部肿胀,组织水肿,可触及捻发音。伤口创面有大量浆液血性渗出物,可见气泡溢出,有恶臭。伤口处肌肉呈暗红色,无弹性,切割不流血; 3.全身症状:发热、脉数、大汗等毒血症表现; 4.常用检查项目:血常规、渗出物涂片、X线检查。 【基本治疗原则】 1.紧急清创,必要时截肢; 2.应用抗生素,首选大剂量青霉素; 3.高压氧治疗; 4.全身支持疗法:纠正水电解质平衡,营养支持,对症处理。 【常见并发症与后遗症】 1.脓毒症(Sepsis); 2.感染性休克。 【提示】 气性坏疽是厌氧菌感染的一种,在开放性骨折伴血管损伤、挤压伤伴有深部肌肉损伤、临近肛门会阴部位的严重创伤时,易继发此类感染。
多器官功能障碍综合征 [Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.MODS] 【主要诊断依据】 1.外伤史; 2.治疗过程中,两个或两个以上器官或系统同时或序贯发生功能障碍; 3.实验室检查相关脏器的功能,可以确诊。 【基本治疗原则】 1.积极治疗原发创伤,ICU监护; 2.减轻相应脏器的负担,保护并恢复其功能的治疗; 3.补充和支持疗法。 【常见并发症与后遗症】 慢性器官功能障碍。 【提示】 重症创伤后,两个或两个以上器官或系统同时或序贯发生功能障碍,称多器官功能障碍综合征。 如:急性呼吸窘迫综合征(Acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS); 肾功能障碍(Actue renal dysfunction,ARD); 肝功能障碍(Actue liver dysfunction,ALD); 心功能障碍(Cardiac insufficiency); 凝血功能障碍(Thromboasthenia; 肠道屏障功能障碍(Dysfuction of barrier mechanism intestine); 免疫功能障碍等(Immunologic inadequacy)。
挤压综合征 [Crush syndrome](T79.501) 【主要诊断依据】 1.肢体或躯干肌肉丰富的部位,长时间被挤压; 2.解压后,局部肿胀、硬韧、感觉障碍、肌肉主动和被动活动时疼痛; 3.全身表现: 以肌红蛋白尿、高血钾为特点的急性肾功能衰竭; 休克、酸中毒及其它脏器损伤。 4.需行血常规、血化学和血生化、尿常规等检查,以及相关脏器的功能检查。 【基本治疗原则】 1.受压部位减压、制动、冷敷等; 2.受累脏器的保护、治疗; 3.手术治疗:局部切开减张;截肢; 4.常需输血及抗生素治疗。 【常见并发症与后遗症】 肢体丧失,常见于下肢。
中 英 文 索 引 Barton骨折Barton’s fracture Bennett骨折Bennett fracture Colles骨折Colles fracture Galeazzi骨折Galeazzi fracture Kocher骨折Kocher fracture Monteggia骨折Monteggia fracture Rolando骨折Rolando fracture Smith骨折Smith fracture 安全带及气囊损伤seat belt and air sac injury 巴通骨折Barton’s fracture 败血症septicemia 半月板损伤tear of meniscus 瓣膜、腱索或乳头肌损伤injury of valva、 chordae tendineae or musculi papillares 贝内特骨折Bennett fracture 鼻擦伤abrasion of nose 鼻挫伤contusion of nose 鼻窦骨折fracture of nasal sinuses 鼻窦炎sinusitis 鼻骨骨折fracture of nasal bone 鼻面部软组织损伤soft tissue injury of nose and facies 鼻衄nasal hemorrhage 鼻缺损defect of nose 鼻血肿hematoma of nose 鼻中隔穿孔septal perforation 鼻中膈损伤septinasal injury 闭合性腹膜后血肿retroperitoneal hematoma without open wound 闭合性骨折closed fracture 闭合性关节脱位closed abarticulation 闭合性喉软骨骨折closed fracture of laryngeal cartilages 闭合性内脏损伤closed splanchnic injury 闭合性损伤closed injury 臂丛损伤injury of brachial plexus 髌骨骨折fracture of patella 玻璃体积血vitreous hemorrhage 玻璃体嵌顿 玻璃体脱出detached vitreous 玻璃体外伤Hyaloid trauma 勃起功能障碍(男性)erectile dysfunction,ED 擦伤 abrasion 肠道屏障功能障碍dysfuction of barrier mechanism intestine 肠外瘘fistula of intestine 肠系膜挫伤contusion of mesenterium 肠系膜撕裂伤tear of mesenterium 肠系膜损伤injury of mesenterium 肠系膜血肿hematoma of mesenterium 迟发性颅内血肿delayed intracranial hematoma 迟发性肾出血delayed renal hemorrhage 尺骨骨折fracture of ulna 尺骨鹰嘴骨折fracture of olecranon process of ulna 齿状突骨折fractures of the odontoid 耻骨骨折fracture of pubis 耻骨联合分离disjuction of s.pubis 冲击伤blast injury 创伤性髌骨脱位dislocation of patella 创伤性休克traumatic shock 创伤性窒息traumatic asphyscia 创伤性肢(指)体离断traumatic extremital interruption 唇损伤injury of lip 刺伤 punctured wound 猝死sudden death 挫伤contusion 胆道出血hemobilia 胆管狭窄stenosis of bile duct 胆瘘biliary fistual 胆囊挫伤contusion of gallbladder 胆囊破裂rupture of gallbladder 胆囊损伤injury of gallbladder 胆总管挫伤contusion of ductus biliaris 胆总管断裂rupture of ductus biliaris 胆总管损伤injury of ductus biliaris 骶骨骨折fracture of sacrum 骶髂关节分离dislocation of sacroiliac joint 第Ⅰ腕掌关节脱位dislocation of first carpometacarpal joint 第Ⅰ掌指关节脱位dislocation of first metacarpophalangeal 第一掌骨骨折fracture of first metacarpal bone 第一掌骨基底骨折fracture of fundus of first metacarpal bone 蝶窦骨折fracture of sphenoidal sinus 短肠综合征short bowel syndrome 多发性创伤(多发伤)multiple injury 多器官功能衰竭multiple organ failure,MOF 多器官功能障碍综合征multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,MODS 额窦骨折fracture of frontal sinus 腭损伤injury of palatal 耳廓畸形aural deformity 耳聋deafness 耳鸣syrigmus 反巴通骨折 反科雷骨折 非特异性感染nonspecific infection 腓骨骨折fracture of fibula 肺不张pulmonary atelectasis 肺挫伤contusion of pulmonary 肺内感染infection of pulmonary 肺水肿pulmonary edema 肺脏挫裂伤contusion and laceration of pulmonary 复发性颞下颌关节脱位 复合性创伤(复合伤)combined injury 腹壁闭合性损伤closed trauma of abdominal wall 腹壁擦伤abrasion of abdominal wall 腹壁挫伤contusion of abdominal wall 腹壁感染infection of abdominal wall 腹壁开放性损伤opened trauma of abdominal wall 腹壁疝abdominal hernia 腹壁撕裂伤laceration of abdominal wall 腹壁血肿hematoma of abdominal wall 腹膜后血肿retroperitoneal hematoma 腹膜后血肿感染retroperitoneal hematoma and infection 腹腔感染infection of abdomino 腹腔脓肿abscess of abdomino 腹直肌断裂rupture of rectus abdominis 盖氏骨折Galeazzi fracture 肝包膜下血肿hematoma of hepatic capsule 肝挫伤contusion of liver 肝功能障碍actue liver dysfunction,ALD 肝裂伤laceration of liver 肝脓肿abscess of liver 肝破裂rupture of liver 肝损伤injury of liver 肝下脓肿abscess of subhepatic 感染infection 感染性腹膜炎suppurative peritonitis 感染性休克septic shock 睾丸破裂rupture of testis 睾丸损伤injury of testis 睾丸萎缩atrophy of testis 睾丸血肿hematoma of testis 膈肌创伤traumatism of diaphragm 膈疝diaphragmatic hernia 膈下脓肿subphrenic abscess 跟腓韧带损伤sprain of calcaneofibular ligament 跟骨骨折fracture of calcaneus 跟腱断裂Achlles tendon rupture 肱骨大结节骨折fracture of great tuberosity of humerus 肱骨干骨折fracture of shaft of humerus 肱骨骨折fracture of humerus 肱骨解剖颈骨折fracture of anatomical neck 肱骨近端骨骺损伤injury of upper epiphysis of humerus 肱骨近端骨折fracture of proximal end of humerus 肱骨髁间骨折fracture of intercondylar of humerus 肱骨髁上骨折fracture of supracondylar of humerus 肱骨内髁骨折fracture of internal condyle of humerus 肱骨内上髁骨折fracture of internal epicondyle 肱骨上端骨折fracture of upper end of humerus 肱骨头骨折fracture of head of humerus 肱骨外科颈骨折fracture of surgical neck of humerus 肱骨外髁骨折fracture of external condyle of humerus 肱骨小结节骨折fracture of lesser tuberosity of humerus 肱骨小头骨折fracture of the capitellum 肱骨远端全骺分离fracture of lower epiphysis of humerus 巩膜穿通伤penetrating wound of eyeball 巩膜创伤injury of eyeball 巩膜裂伤Scleral laceration 巩膜外伤Scleral trauma 股骨粗隆间骨折intertrochanteric fracture 股骨干骨折fracture of shaft of femur 股骨颈骨折fracture of neck of femur 股骨髁骨折condylar fracture of femur 股骨髁间骨折intercondylar fracture of femur 股骨髁上骨折supracondylar fracture of femur 股骨转子间骨折intertrochanteric fracture 股骨转子下骨折subtrochanteric fracture 骨膜下血肿subperiosteal hematoma 骨盆骨折fracture of pelvis 鼓膜穿孔tympanic membrane perforation 颌骨骨折frectures of jaws 虹膜根部离断iridodialysis 虹膜睫状体外伤Iridic Ciliary trauma 虹膜睫状体炎iridocyclitis 虹膜脱出iridocele 喉瘢痕狭窄cicatricial structure of larynx 喉软骨膜炎laryngeal perichondritis 喉软组织损伤laryngeal soft tissue injury 后尿道损伤injury of posterior urethra 呼吸困难dyspean 化脓性软骨膜炎purulent perichondritis 化脓性心包炎purulent pericarditis 踝关节骨折fracture of ankle 踝关节扭伤sprain of ankle 踝关节韧带损伤sprain of ligaments at ankle 环枢脱位dislocation of the atlas and axis(atlanto-axial dislocation) 环椎骨折fracture of first cervical vertebra(Atlas) 黄斑裂孔macular hode 黄斑水肿macular edema 喙突骨折fracture of coronoid process 肌腱及肌肉损伤injury to muscles and tendons 急性背部扭伤acute sprain and strain of back 急性呼吸窘迫综合征acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS 急性颈部扭伤acute sprain and strain of cervical spine 急性脑肿胀acute brain edema 急性肾小管坏死acute renal tubular necrosis 急性腰部扭伤acute sprain and strain of lumbar spine 急性硬膜下血肿acute subdural hematoma 棘上、棘间韧带损伤injury of ligaments 挤压伤 crush injury 挤压综合征crush syndrome 脊椎附件骨折minor spinql fractures:frausverse,arficular and spinaus process fracture 继发青光眼secondary glaucoma 肩峰骨折fracture of acromial process 肩关节脱位dislocation of shoulder joint 肩回旋套肌腱损伤injury of tendon of the rotator cuff of shoulder 肩胛冈骨折injury of mesoscapula 肩胛骨骨折fracture of scapula 肩胛颈骨折fracture of scapula neck 肩胛盂骨折fracture of glenoid cavity 肩锁关节损伤injury of acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节脱位dislocation of acromioclavicular joint 肩袖损伤injury of rotator cuff 睑裂闭合不全lagophthalmus 角膜穿孔perforation of corneal 角膜创伤ingjury of corneal 角膜挫伤corneal contusion 角膜溃疡corneal ulcer 角膜裂伤corneal laceration 角膜上皮擦伤corneal abrasion 角膜外伤Corneal trauma 角膜异物corneal foreign body 结肠穿孔perforation of colon 结肠挫伤(壁内血肿)contusion of colon 结肠瘘fistula of colon 结肠破裂rupture of colon 结肠损伤injury of colon 结肠狭窄、梗阻 stenosis and obstruction of colon 睫状体脱离 截瘫paraplegia 晶状体外伤lens trauma 颈部水平脊髓损伤(四肢瘫)injury of cervical spinal cord 颈段气管开放性损伤cervical bronchovesicular open injury 颈椎骨折脱位dislocation of cervical vertebra 颈椎畸形dysmorphosis of cervical vertebrae 颈椎间盘创伤性破裂traumatic rupture of cervical intervertebral disk 胫腓骨骨折fracture of tibia and fibula 胫骨骨折fracture of tibia 胫骨髁骨折fracture of tibial condyles 胫骨平台骨折tibial plateau fracture 局部感染local infection 咀嚼及发音障碍amasesis、dysphonia 距腓韧带损伤sprain of talofibular ligament 距骨骨折fracture of talus 开放性腹膜后血肿retroperitoneal hematoma with open wound 开放性骨折open fracture 开放性关节脱位open abarticulation 开放性喉软骨骨折open fracture of laryngeal cartilages 开放性颅脑损伤open craniocerebral injury 开放性内脏损伤open splanchnic injury 开放性损伤open injury 科雷骨折Colles fracture 空气栓塞air embolism 髋关节脱位dislocation of hip 髋臼骨折fracture of acetabulum 阔韧带血肿broad ligament hematoma 肋骨骨折fracture of ribs 泪溢症epiphora 连枷胸flail chest 颅底骨折fracture of basal skull 颅盖骨骨折fracture of calvaria 颅高压intracranial hypertension 颅骨缺损skull defect 颅后窝骨折fracture of posterior fossa 颅内低压综合征 颅内感染intracranial infection 颅内积气pneumocephalus 颅前窝骨折fracture of anterior fossa 颅神经损伤injury of cranial nerves 颅中窝骨折fracture of middle fossa 马尾神经损伤injury of cauda equina 脉胳膜破裂 脉胳膜脱离 脉胳膜外伤Optical choroidal trauma 慢性器官功能障碍chronic organ dysfunction 慢性硬膜下血肿chronic subdural hematoma 帽状腱膜下血肿subgaleal hematoma 孟氏骨折Monteggia fracture 迷路震荡concussion of the labyrinth 泌尿系感染urinary tract infection 免疫功能障碍immunologic inadequacy 面部瘢痕scar of face 面部擦伤abrasion of face 面部挫伤contusion of face 面部畸形dysmorphosis of facies 面部切割伤cut of face 面部撕裂伤laceration of face 面肌瘫痪facial paralysis 面肌萎缩facial atrophy 面神经损伤injury of facial nervu 面瘫facial paralysis 拇指腕掌关节脱位dislocation of carpometacarpal joint of thumb 拇指掌骨骨折fracture of first metacarpal bone 拇指掌指关节脱位dislocation of metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb 内分泌功能失调endocrine dysfunction 内踝骨折fracture of leateral malleoulus 脑挫裂伤cerebral cotusion and laceration 脑干损伤brain stem injury 脑脊液鼻漏cerebrospinal rhinorrhea 脑脊液耳漏cerebrospinal otorrhea 脑脊液漏cerebrospinal fluid fistula 脑内血肿hematoma in brain 脑膨出encephalocele 脑缺血cerebral ischemia 脑疝brain hernia 脑室出血及血肿intraventricular hemorrage and hemotoma 脑水肿encephaledema 脑震荡cerebral concussion 尿崩症diabetes insipidus 尿道挫伤contusion of urethra 尿道断裂laceration of urethra 尿道破裂rupture of urethra 尿道损伤injury of urethra 尿道狭窄stenosis of urethra 尿道阴道瘘(女性)urethrovaginal fistual 尿道直肠瘘urethrorectal fistual 尿瘘urinary fistula 尿路感染infection of urethra 尿外渗urecchysis 尿外渗感染urecchysis and infection 颞骨骨折损伤内耳 颞颌关节挫伤contusion of temporomandibular joint 颞颌关节脱位dislocation of temporomandibular joint 颞颌关节紊乱temporomandibular joint disturbance 颞下颌关节内强直ankylosis of temporomandibular joint 颞下颌关节脱位dislocation of temporomandibular joint 颞下颌关节紊乱综合征temporomandibular joint disturbance syndrome(TMJDS) 凝血功能障碍thromboasthenia 扭伤sprain 脓毒性休克septic shock 脓毒症sepsis 脓胸empyema 脓肿abscess 膀胱挫伤contusion of bladder 膀胱破裂rupture of bladder 膀胱损伤injury of bladder 膀胱阴道瘘(女性)vesicovaginal fistula 膀胱直肠瘘vesicorectal fistula 盆腔感染infection of pelvic 盆腔脓肿abscess of pelvic 皮肤瘢痕scar 皮肤撕脱伤skin avulsion 皮下气肿aerodermectasia 皮下血肿subcutaneous hematoma 脾被膜下破裂rupture of splenic capsule 脾破裂rupture of spleen 脾切除后凶险感染overwhelming postsplenectomy infection(OPSI) 脾切除术后发热postsplenectomy fever 脾损伤injury of spleen 脾真性破裂rupture of spleen 破伤风tetanus 气管破裂disruption of trachea 气性坏疽gas gangrene 气胸pneumothorax 髂骨骨折fracture of ilium 前臂骨折fracture of forearm 前臂双骨折fracture of shafts of both ulna and radius 前房积血hyphema 前房角后退angle recession 前尿道损伤injury of aterior urethra 鞘膜积血vaginal pyocele 切割伤incised 丘脑下部损伤hypothalamus injury 球结膜裂伤laceration of epibulbar conjunctiva 球结膜外伤trauma of epibulbar conjunctiva 全耳廓断裂traumatic amputation of ear 颧弓骨折fractures of zygomatic arch 颧骨骨折fractures of zygoma 桡骨骨折fracture of radius 桡骨近端骨骺损伤injury of upper epiphysis of radius 桡骨近端骨折fracture of proximal end of radius 桡骨茎突骨折fracture of processus styloideus radii of radius 桡骨颈骨折fracture of radius neck 桡骨上端骨折fracture of upper end of radius 桡骨头骨折fracture of radius head 桡骨远端骨折fracture of lower end of radius 软骨膜炎perichondritis 腮腺及腮腺导管损伤parotid glaud and parotid duct injury 三叉神经损伤injury of trigeminal nerve 三踝骨折fracture of trimalleolar 三角韧带损伤injury of deltoin ligament 筛窦骨折fracture of ethmoid sinus 上颌窦骨折fracture of maxillary sinus 上颌骨骨折fractures of maxilla 上呼吸道感染upper respiratory tract infection 上睑下垂ptosis 烧伤 burn 舌损伤injury of lingual 肾部分裂伤laceration of kidney 肾挫伤contusion of kidney 肾蒂损伤injury of renal pedicle 肾功能障碍acute renal dysfunction, ARD 肾假性囊肿renal pseudosyst 肾全层裂伤tear of kidney 肾损伤injury of kidney 肾性高血压renal hypertension 肾周脓肿perinephric abscess 肾周围炎perinephritis 声带瘫痪paralysis of vocal cord 声音嘶哑、失声hoarseness、 aphonia 失血性休克hemorrhagic shock 十二指肠穿孔perforationof duodenum 十二指肠挫伤(壁内血肿)contusion of duodenum 十二指肠梗阻obstruction of duodenum 十二指肠瘘fistula of duodenum 十二指肠破裂rupture of duodenum 十二指肠损伤injury of duodenum 十二指肠狭窄stenosis of duodenum 食管破裂esophageal disruption 食管胸膜瘘esophago-pleural fistula 史密斯骨折Smith fracture 视力障碍dysopia 视神经管骨折fracture of optic canal 视神经损伤injury of optic nerve 视神经外伤Visual neurotrauma 视网膜挫伤retinal contusion 视网膜脱离retinal detachment 视网膜外伤Retinal trauma 视网膜震荡commotio retinae 室间隔穿破penetration of septum interventriculare cordis 手软组织损伤injury of soft tissue of hand 枢椎椎弓骨折(绞刑骨折)fractures of the pedicle of the second cervical vertebra(Hangmans’ fracture) 双踝骨折fracture of bimalleolar 撕裂伤laceration 四肢瘫痪quadriplegia 锁骨骨折fractures of Clavicle 特异性感染specific infection 听骨链损伤injury of auditory ossicles 头皮挫伤scalp contusion 头皮裂伤scalp laceration 头皮撕脱伤scalp avulsion 头皮血肿scalp hematoma 外鼻畸形dysmorphosis of external nose 外耳畸形dysmorphosis of external ear 外耳缺损defect of external ear 外耳血肿hematoma of external ear 外踝骨折fracture of lateral macorrl 外踝韧带损伤injury of ligament of extramalleolus 外伤后癫痫post-traumatic epilepsy 外伤后脑积水post-traumatic hydrocephalus 外伤性白内障traumatic cataract 外伤性虹膜睫状体炎traumatic iridocyclitis 外伤性瞳孔散大traumatic corectasis 外阴裂伤laceration of vulva 外阴损伤injury of vulva 外阴血肿hematoma of vulva 腕掌关节脱位dislocation of carpometacarpal joint 腕舟骨骨折fracture of navicular[scaphoid]bone of hand 腕舟状骨骨折fracture of navicular[scaphoid]bone of hand 尾骨骨折fracture of coccyx 尾骨脱位dislocation of coccyx 胃壁部分撕裂tear of stomach wall 胃壁挫伤contusion of stomach wall 胃壁血肿hematoma of stomach wall 胃瘘fistula of stomach 胃破裂rupture of stomach 胃损伤injury of stomach 无错位型股骨头骨折 膝关节韧带损伤sprain of ligaments of knee 下尺桡关节脱位dislocation of distal radioulnar joint 下颌骨骨折fractures of mandible 下颈椎骨折Fracture of cervical vertebra 下丘脑损伤hypothalamus injury 下肢瘫痪crural paralysis 涎瘘salivary fistula 小肠穿孔perforationof small intestine 小肠挫伤(壁内血肿)contusion of small intestine 小肠破裂rupture of small intestine 小肠损伤injury of small intestine 小脑幕下血肿(后颅窝血肿)hematoma of posterior cranial 心包创伤pericardium trauma 心功能不全cardiac insufficiency 心功能障碍cardiac insufficience 心力衰竭heart failure 心律失常arrhythmia 心室壁瘤ventricular aneurysm 心脏挫伤cardiac contusion 心脏破裂 心脏压塞cardiac tamponade 性功能障碍sexual disorders 胸壁擦伤abrasion wound of chest wall 胸壁挫伤contusion of chest wall 胸壁裂伤laceration of chest wall 胸壁撕脱伤avulsion of chest wall 胸部水平脊髓损伤(截瘫)injury of thoracic spinal cord 胸腹联合伤pleuroperitoneal symphysic trauma 胸骨骨折 胸膜腔感染infection of pleural cavity 胸腔感染infection of thoracic cavity 胸腔积液hydrothorax 胸锁关节损伤injury of sternoclavicular joint 胸锁关节脱位dislocation of sternoclavicular joint 胸椎安全带骨折chance fracture of thoracic vertebra 胸椎爆裂骨折burst fracture of thoracic vertebra 胸椎骨折脱位fracture and dislocation of thoracic vertebra 胸椎畸形dysmorphosis of sternal vertebra 胸椎间盘创伤性破裂traumatic rupture of thoracic intervertebral disc 胸椎压缩骨折compression fracture of thoracic vertebra 休克shock 眩晕vertigo 血尿hematuria 血气胸pneumohemothorax 血胸hemothorax 压疮pressure sore 牙槽突骨折fractures of alveolar process 牙挫伤contusion of teeth 牙缺失deletion of teeth 牙髓坏死pulp devitalization 牙损伤injury of teeth 牙脱位luxation of teeth 牙折fracture of teeth 眼部热烧伤thermal born of eye 眼睑擦伤blepharal abrasion 眼睑挫伤blepharal contusion 眼睑畸形dysmorphosis of eye lids 眼睑切割伤cut of eye lids 眼睑撕裂伤blepharal laceration 眼睑外翻ectropion 眼睑外(创)伤blepharal trauma 眼睑血肿blepharal hematoma 眼眶骨折Orbital fracture 眼眶挤压综合征 眼眶外(创伤)伤Orbital trauma 眼眉缺损defect of eyebrows 眼内感染Intraocular infection 眼内异物Intraocular foreign body 眼球穿透伤 penetrating wound of eyeball 眼球破裂 ophthalmorrhexis 眼周软组织损伤Periocular injury of soft tissue 腰部水平脊髓损伤(截瘫)injury of lumbar spinal cord 腰骶丛损伤injury of lumbosacral plexus 腰椎安全带骨折chance fracture of lumbar vertebra 腰椎爆裂骨折burst fracture of lumbar vertebra 腰椎骨折脱位fracture and dislocation lumbar vertebra 腰椎畸形dysmorphosis of lumbar vertebrae 腰椎间盘创伤性破裂traumatic ruprure of lumbar intervertebral disc 腰椎压缩骨折compression fracture of lumbar vertebra 胰瘘pancreatic fistual 胰腺挫裂伤contusion and laceration of panereas 胰腺假性囊肿pseudocyst of pancreas 胰腺脓肿abscess of pancreas 胰腺破裂rupture of panereas 胰腺损伤injury of panereas 胰腺炎pancreatitis 胰性腹水pancreatogenic ascites 异位骨化ectopic ossification 阴道口狭窄stricture of aditus vagina 阴道裂伤laceration of vagina 阴道裂伤伴大出血laceration of vagina and hematorrhea 阴道损伤injury of vagina 阴道狭窄stricture of vagina 阴茎断裂tear of penis 阴茎畸形dysmorphosis of penis 阴茎离断traumatic amputation of penis 阴茎皮肤撕脱伤avulsion of penis 阴茎损伤penis trauma 阴囊挫伤contusion of scrotum 阴囊及内容损伤injury of scrotum 阴囊撕裂伤laceration of scrotum 阴囊撕脱伤avulsion of scrotum 阴囊血肿hematoma of scrotum 鹰嘴骨折fracture of olecraono process 硬膜外血肿 epidural hematoma 盂肱关节脱位dislocation of glenohumeral joint 原发性脑内血肿primary intracerebral hematoma 月骨骨折fracture of lunate[semilunar] 月骨脱位dislocation of lunate[semilunar] 月骨掌侧脱位 月骨周围背侧脱位 粘连性肠梗阻intestinal obstruction due to adhesions 张力性气胸tension pneumothorax 掌骨骨折fracture of metacarpal bone 掌骨基底骨折 掌骨颈骨折 掌骨头骨折 掌指关节脱位dislocation of metacarpophalangeal(joint) 震荡伤concussion 支气管破裂 disruption of bronchus 肢体离断traumatic amputation 直肠挫伤(壁内血肿)contusion of rectum 直肠破裂rupture of rectum 直肠损伤injury of rectum 直肠狭窄stenosis of rectum 直肠周围脓肿perirectal abscess 直肠周围炎perirectitis 植物神经功能紊乱 vegetative nerve functional disturbance 跖跗关节脱位及骨折脱位dislocation of tarsometatarsal joint 跖骨骨折fracture of metatarsal bone 指骨骨折fracture of finger 指间关节脱位dislocation of interphalangeal(joint),hand 趾骨骨折fracture of toe 中耳外伤trauma of middle ear 中耳炎otitis media 中跗关节损伤dislocation of tarsal joints 周围神经损伤 舟骨骨折fracture of navicular[scaphoid]bone of hand 舟状骨骨折fracture of navicular[scaphoid]bone of hand 肘关节脱位dislocation of elbow 蛛网膜下腔出血subrachnoid hemorrhage 椎旁肌肉韧带损伤sprain and strain of muscle and ligaments 子宫破裂uterus rupture 纵膈脓肿mediastinum abcess 纵膈气肿mediastinaI emphysema 坐骨骨折fracture of ischium
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